Seizure Presentation - Medical Advice (Presentation) script

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Greet the audience :

N :

Assalamu’alaikum

hello, everyone.

before we start let us introduce ourselves. my name is Najib and my partner is Bila

today we are going to present about seizures.

On this occasion, we are going to talk about seizures from the history of, how experts view seizures,

the development of treatment for seizures, and finally what you can do when you meet someone who

has a seizure. Now, please to Bila you can start the presentation from the history.

B :

Thank you, Najib. I’m going to start from, when did the history of seizures begin to appear?

Nearly three millennia ago, a Babylonian tablet described a curious illness called miqtu. Said to cause

symptoms ranging from facial twitching to full-body convulsions, the Babylonians believed those afflicted

were possessed by evil spirits, and the only treatment was divine intervention. Today, we know the

symptoms of miqtu by another name, and modern medicine has developed numerous treatments for

those experiencing seizures. But these ancient afflictions still hold a surprising number of secrets. 

N :

Now, Doctors define a seizure as any set of symptoms resulting from excess electrical activity in the

brain. Outside this shared feature, there is a massive range of seizure symptoms, and researchers have

identified a variety of different seizure types. But regardless of the underlying conditions that cause them,every seizure begins here. Hippocrates identified the brain as the source of seizures around 400 BCE.

However, this insight didn't immediately lead to better treatments. 

B :

Generally, ancient Greeks prescribed medicinal herbs and alterations in diet. If they believed the seizure

was caused by bleeding in the skull, they sometimes employed a technique called trepanation. This

early surgery involved drilling a hole in the skull to let blood escape and relieve pressure on the brain.

But, Trepanation had sizable risks. 

N :

But it wasn’t until the 19th century that scientists would make the next leap forward in seizure treatment.

In 1870, two German researchers discovered that using electricity to stimulate specific areas of a dog’s

brain could move parts of its body. Around the same time, other scientists discovered the brain and

nervous system were connected via a network of cells called neurons that transmitted electrical signals

throughout the body. This established the brain as the control center for nerve impulses that determine

our thoughts and movement. Better yet, this model made it clear that seizures were due to errors in that

control center, such as misfiring neurons or excess electrical activity. Early experiments even suggested

that different patterns of misfiring could account for different seizure types and symptoms.

B :

So if seizures were due to neurons misfiring, how could doctors stop this from happening? 

Physicians like Sir Charles Locock hypothesized that sedative drugs might calm overactive brain activity,

a theory he confirmed by treating seizures with a medication called potassium bromide. Others like

Sir Victor Horsley suspected that removing damaged parts of the brain might stop a patient's seizures.

In 1886, he performed a craniotomy, temporarily removing part of a patient’s skull to extract scarred braintissue. Not only did his patient survive, but his seizures improved, launching further research in surgical

treatments. Over the next two centuries, seizure treatments advanced rapidly. And today, there are

dozens of available seizure medications that work with unprecedented specificity. Some newer

medications are able to focus on specific proteins in the neuron to help manage electrical activity.

And advanced brain imaging techniques can sometimes allow doctors to pinpoint exactly what parts

of the brain are causing an individual's seizures. Surgeons then use this information to perform targeted

surgeries. These various treatments help doctors manage the majority of seizure cases, allowing most

people with seizures to live healthy and comfortable lives.

N :

But the underlying pathologyof many seizures remains elusive. In cases without clear brain damage

or certain types of pre-existing conditions, it's incredibly difficult to determine what causes neurons to

misfire. It's also not always clear why some treatments are effective. And even more mysterious are

cases where seizures are resistant to existing treatments that work on similar seizure types.

But, scientists are still working on these questions and still need more research to find.

B :

but there are clear answers for what to do if you encounter someone experiencing a seizure. First,

You should never hold a seizing person down, put objects in their mouth, or perform CPR. Instead,

try to keep the person safe from falling or bumping their head, shift them onto their side to keep airways

open, and stay with them until medical help arrives.

closing : 

N :

well, I think that’s all from us. we’d like to answer your question if you want to ask.

thank you for your attention and your time. wassalamulaikum wr wb

source by: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcO9YU-Pdws